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1. Calculate Your Max Affordability Limit
Before looking at Zillow, you must know what lenders will approve you for based on your gross income and current debts.
2. Verify Your "Lifestyle" Affordability
Lenders don't care about your hobbies, vacations, or savings goals. Ensure the bank's maximum approval number doesn't make you "house poor".
3. Calculate the "True Cost" (PITI + Maintenance)
Your mortgage principal and interest is only part of the bill. Add in Property Taxes, Insurance, HOA, and at least 1% annual maintenance costs.
4. Optimize Your Debt-To-Income (DTI) Ratio
Lenders want to see your total monthly debts (including the new mortgage) stay below 43% of your gross income. Pay off small car loans or credit cards to drop this ratio.
5. Save for a Down Payment & Closing Costs
Aim for 20% down to avoid PMI, but 3% to 5% is acceptable for first-time buyers. Do not forget to save an additional 3-5% of the purchase price for closing costs and fees!
6. Check Your Credit Score
Your credit score dictates your interest rate. Pull your free annual credit report to check for errors. A score above 760 will secure the best possible mortgage rates.
7. Gather Your Financial Documents
Lenders will request your last 2 years of W-2s, recent pay stubs, 2 months of bank statements, and proof of funds. Have these organized in a folder ready to send.
8. Get Pre-Approved (Not just Pre-Qualified)
Pre-qualification is a soft estimate. A Pre-Approval requires a hard credit check and documentation review, giving you a certified letter proving to sellers that you have the money.
9. Lock In Your Mortgage Rate
Once you are under contract, rates can still fluctuate daily. Speak with your loan officer to officially "lock" your rate so you are protected if the market jumps before closing.
10. Do Not Open Any New Credit
Between pre-approval and closing day, do NOT finance a new car, open a new credit card, or quit your job. The lender will check your credit one final time before handing over the keys.
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